2011年全国在职MBA联考英语真题

2011年全国在职MBA联考英语真题

研考 英语二 试卷条形码

英语二

(科目代码: 204)

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(以下信息考生必须认真填写)

考生编号

考生姓名英语(二)真题

- 2 -(共 13 页)

Section I Use of English

Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank

and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)

The Internet affords anonymity to its users， a blessing to privacy and freedom of

speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has

1

across the Web.

Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems

increasingly

3 ?

Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation’s cyber-czar, offered the

federal

government a 4 to make the Web a safer place — a “voluntary trusted identity”

system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID

card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital

credential 7

to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of

online services.

The idea is to

8

a federation of private online identity systems. Users could

9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have

been

authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would

require an Internet driver’s license

10

by the government.

Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these “single sign-on”

systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different

services.

12 , the approach would create a “walled garden” in cyberspace, with safe

“neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of

13

community.

Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which “individuals and

organizations can complete online transactions with 14 , trusting the identities of each

other and the identities of the infrastructure

15

which the transaction runs.”

Still, the administration’s plan has

16

privacy rights activists. Some applaud

the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push

toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet “driver’s license” mentality.

The plan has also been greeted with

18

by some computer security experts,

who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem” envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave

much of the Internet

19 . They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to

英语(二)真题 - 3 -(共 13 页)

register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on

public roads.

1. [A] swept

[B] skipped

[C] walked

[D] ridden

2. [A] for

[B] within

[C] while

[D] though

3. [A] careless

[B] lawless

[C] pointless

[D] helpless

4. [A] reason

[B] reminder

[C] compromise

[D] proposal

5. [A] information

[B] interference

[C] entertainment

[D] equivalent

6. [A] by

[B] into

[C] from

[D] over

7. [A] linked

[B] directed

[C] chained

[D] compared

8. [A] dismiss

[B] discover

[C] create

[D] improve

9. [A] recall

[B] suggest

[C] select

[D] realize

10. [A] released

[B] issued

[C] distributed

[D] delivered

11. [A] carry on

[B] linger on

[C] set in

[D] log in

12. [A] In vain

[B] In effect

[C] In return

[D] In contrast

13. [A] trusted

[B] modernized

[C] thriving

[D] competing

14. [A] caution

[B] delight

[C] confidence

[D] patience

15. [A] on

[B] after

[C] beyond

[D] across

16. [A] divided

[B] disappointed

[C] protected

[D] united

17. [A] frequently

[B] incidentally

[C] occasionally

[D] eventually

18. [A] skepticism

[B] tolerance

[C] indifference

[D] enthusiasm

19. [A] manageable [B] defendable

[C] vulnerable

[D] invisible

20. [A] invited

[B] appointed

[C] allowed

[D] forced

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C

or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40points)

英语(二)真题 - 4 -(共 13 页)

Text 1

Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs’s board as an outside director in January 2000;

a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she

apparently managed both roles without attracting much criticism. But by the end of 2009

Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman’s compensation committee; how

could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next

year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she

said.

Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a

firm’s board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably

have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive’s proposals. If the sky,

and the share price, is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on

having weathered their own crises.

The researchers from Ohio University used a database that covered more than 10,000

firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply

checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely

reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise”

disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They found that after a surprise departure,

the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by

nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases,

and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms.

Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm

is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship.

Often they “trade up,” leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.

But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a

blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of

history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who

want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives.

Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very

popular on campus.

21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for

.

A. gaining excessive profits

B. failing to fulfill her duty

C. refusing to make compromises

D. leaving the board in tough times

英语(二)真题 - 5 -(共 13 页)

22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be

.

A. generous investors

B. unbiased executives

C. share price forecasters

D. independent advisers

23. According to the researchers from Ohio University, after an outside director’s surprise

departure, the firm is likely to

.

A. become more stable

B. report increased earnings

C. do less well in the stock market

D. perform worse in lawsuits

24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors

.

A. may stay for the attractive offers from the firm

B. have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm

C. are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm

D. will decline incentives from the firm

25. The author’s attitude toward the role of outside directorsis

.

A. permissive

B. positive

C. scornful

D. critical

Text 2

Whatever happened to the death of newspapers? A year ago the end seemed near.

The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled

to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own

doom. America’s Federal Trade Commission launched a round of talks about how to save

newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize them?

It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date.

In much of the world there is little sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have

shrugged off the recession. Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled

corner of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the

20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same.英语(二)真题 - 6 -(共 13 页)

It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists

overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs

have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even

had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have

proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further.

Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of

revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in

their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008,

according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD). In

Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more

stable.

The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the

damage has been concentrated in areas where newspapers are least distinctive. Car and

film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign

bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But

completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.

26. By saying “Newspapers like…their own doom” (Line 3-4, Para. 1) , the author

indicates that newspapers

.

A. neglected the sign of crisis

B. failed to get state subsidies

C. were not charitable corporations

D. were in a desperate situation

27. Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because

.

A. readers threatened to pay less

B. newspapers wanted to reduce costs

C. journalists reported little about these areas

D. subscribers complained about slimmer products

28. Compared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspapers are much more

stable because they

.

A. have more sources of revenue

B. have more balanced newsrooms

C. are less dependent on advertising

D. are less affected by readership

29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business?

英语(二)真题 - 7 -(共 13 页)

A. Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.

B. Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspapers.

C. Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business.

D. Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews.

30. The most appropriate title for this text would be

.

A. American Newspapers: Struggling for Survival

B. American Newspapers: Gone with the Wind

C. American Newspapers: A ThrivingBusiness

D. American Newspapers: A Hopeless Story

Text 3

We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of

prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college

on the G. I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.

But when it came to their houses, it was a time of common sense and a belief that

less could truly be more. During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to

live with less, and that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the future,

made small, efficient housing positively stylish.

Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living. The

phrase “less is more” was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig

Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design,

emigrated to the United States before World War II and took up posts at American

architecture schools. These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of

American architecture, but none more so than Mies.

Mies’s signature phrase means that less decoration, properly organized, has more

impact than a lot. Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance. Like other

modern architects, he employed metal, glass and laminated wood—materials that we take

for granted today but that in the 1940s symbolized the future. Mies’s sophisticated

presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient, rather

than big and often empty.

The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive, for

example, were smaller—two-bedroom units under 1,000 square feet—than those in their

older neighbors along the city’s Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy

glass walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings’ details and

英语(二)真题 - 8 -(共 13 页)

proportions, the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.

The trend toward “less” was not entirely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright

started building more modest and efficient houses—usually around 1,200 square feet—

than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th

century.

The “Case Study Houses” commissioned from talented modern architects by

California Arts & Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another

homegrown influence on the “less is more” trend. Aesthetic effect came from the

landscape, new materials and forthright detailing. In his Case Study House, Ralph Rapson

may have mispredicted just how the mechanical revolution would impact everyday life—

few American families acquired helicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryers—

but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.

31. The postwar American housing style largely reflected the Americans’

.

A. prosperity and growth

B. efficiency and practicality

C. restraint and confidence

D. pride and faithfulness

32. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about the Bauhaus?

A. It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.

B. Its designing concept was affected by World War II.

C. Most American architects used to be associated with it.

D. It had a great influence upon American architecture.

33. Mies held that elegance of architectural design

.

A. was related to large space

B. was identified with emptiness

C. was not reliant on abundant decoration

D. was not associated with efficiency

34. What is true about the apartments Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive?

A. They ignored details and proportions.

B. They were built with materials popular at that time.

C. They were more spacious than neighboring buildings.

D. They shared some characteristics of abstract art.

35. What can we learn about the design of the “Case Study Houses”?

A. Mechanical devices were widely used.

英语(二)真题 - 9 -(共 13 页)

B. Natural scenes were taken into consideration

C. Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.

D. Eco-friendly materials were employed.

Text 4

Will the European Union make it? The question would have sounded strange not

long ago. Now even the project’s greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a

“ Bermuda triangle ” of debt, population decline and lower growth.

As well as those chronic problems, the EU faces an acute crisis in its economic core,

the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone’s

economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a

single currency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix ofdevaluation.

Yet the debate about how to save Europe’s single currency from disintegration is

stuck. It is stuck because the euro zone’s dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on

the need for greater harmonization within the euro zone, but disagree about what to

harmonize.

Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrowing, spending and

competitiveness, backed by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey.

These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects,

and even the suspension of a country’s voting rights in EU ministerial councils. It insists

that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom

there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core

alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French interference.

A “southern” camp headed by France wants something different: “European

economic government” within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that

means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from

richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common

Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the French government

have murmured, euro-zone members should agree to some fiscal and

social

harmonization: e. g. , curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs.

It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world’s largest trading block. At its

best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich

and poor countries, its internal borders are far more open to goods, capital and labour than

any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of

globalization, and make capitalism benign.

英语(二)真题 - 10-(共 13 页)

36. The EU is faced with so many problems that

.

A. it has more or less lost faith in markets

B. even its supporters begin to feel concerned

C. some of its member countries plan to abandon euro

D. it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation

37. The debate over the EU’s single currency is stuck because the dominant

powers

.

A. are competing for the leading position

B. are busy handling their own crises

C. fail to reach an agreement on harmonization

D. disagree on the steps towards disintegration

38. To solve the euro problem, Germany proposed that

.

A. EU funds for poor regions be increased

B. stricter regulations be imposed

C. only core members be involved in economic co-ordination

D. voting rights of the EU members be guaranteed

39. The French proposal of handling the crisis impliesthat

.

A. poor countries are more likely to get funds

B. strict monetary policy will be applied to poor countries

C. loans will be readily available to rich countries

D. rich countries will basically control Eurobonds

40. Regarding the future of the EU, the author seems to feel

.

A. pessimistic

B. desperate

C. conceited

D. hopeful

Part B

Directions:

Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the right

column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are

two extra choices in the right column. Marking your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.

(10 points)

英语(二)真题 - 11-(共 13 页)

Leading doctors today weigh in on the debate over the government’s role in

promoting public health by demanding that ministers impose “fat taxes” on unhealthy

food and introduce cigarette-style warnings to children about the dangers of a poor diet.

The demands follow comments made last week by the health secretary, Andrew

Lansley, who insisted the government could not force people to make healthy choices and

promised to free businesses from public health regulations.

But senior medical figures want to stop fast-food outlets opening near schools,

restrict advertising of products high in fat, salt or sugar, and limit sponsorship of sports

events by fast-food producers such as McDonald’s.

They argue that government action is necessary to curb Britain’s addiction to

unhealthy food and help halt spiraling rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease.

Professor Terence Stephenson, president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child

Health, said that the consumption of unhealthy food should be seen to be just as damaging

as smoking or excessive drinking.

“Thirty years ago, it would have been inconceivable to have imagined a ban on

smoking in the workplace or in pubs, and yet that is what we have now. Are we willing to

be just as courageous in respect of obesity? I would suggest that we should be,” said the

leader of the UK’s children’s doctors.

Lansley has alarmed health campaigners by suggesting he wants industry rather

than government to take the lead. He said that manufacturers of crisps and candies could

play a central role in the Change4Life campaign, the centrepiece of government efforts to

boost healthy eating and fitness. He has also criticised the celebrity chef Jamie Oliver’s

high-profile attempt to improve school lunches in England as an example of how

“lecturing” people was not the best way to change their behaviour.

Stephenson suggested potential restrictions could include banning

TV

advertisements for foods high in fat, salt or sugar before 9 pm and limiting them on

billboards or in cinemas. “If we were really bold, we might even begin to think of high-

calorie fast food in the same way as cigarettes—by setting strict limits on advertising,

product placement and sponsorship of sports events,” he said.

Such a move could affect firms such as McDonald’s, which sponsors the youth

coaching scheme run by the Football Association. Fast-food chains should also stop

offering “inducements” such as toys, cute animals and mobile phone credit to lure young

customers, Stephenson said.

Professor Dinesh Bhugra, president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, said: “If

英语(二)真题 - 12-(共 13 页)

children are taught about the impact that food has on their growth, and that some things

can harm, at least information is available up front.”

He also urged councils to impose “fast-food-free zones” around schools and

hospitals—areas within which takeaways cannot open.

A Department of Health spokesperson said: “We need to create a new vision for

public health where all of society works together to get healthy and live longer. This

includes creating a new ‘responsibility deal’ with business, built on social responsibility,

not state regulation. Later this year, we will publish a white paper setting out exactly how

we will achieve this.”

The food industry will be alarmed that such senior doctors back such radical moves,

especially the call to use some of the tough tactics that have been deployed against

smoking over the last decade.

[A] “fat taxes” should be imposed on

fast-food producers such as McDonald’s.

1. Andrew Lansley held that

[B] the government should ban fast-food

outlets in the neighborhood of schools.

2. Terence Stephenson agreed that

[C] “lecturing” was an effective way to

improve school lunches in England.

3. Jamie Oliver seemed to believe that

[D] cigarette-style warnings should be

introduced to children about the dangers

of a poor diet.

4. Dinesh Bhugra suggested that

[E] the producers of crisps and candies

could contribute significantly to the

Change4Life campaign.

5. A Department of Health spokesperson

proposed that

[F] parents should set good examples for

their children by keeping a healthy diet at

home.

[G] the government should strengthen the

sense of responsibility among businesses.

Section III Translation

46.Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Writeyour

translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same

volume of greenhouse gases as the world’s airlines do—roughly 2 percent of all CO2

emissions?

Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can

leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2 depending on how many attempts are needed to

get the “right” answer. To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain

vast data centres around the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing

large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to

be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy.

However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and

make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, but there is

much more to be done, and not just by big companies.

Section IV Writing

Part A

47. Directions: Suppose your cousin Li Ming has just been admitted to a university.

Write him/her a letter to:

1) congratulate him/her, and

2) give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life.

You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.

Do not use your own name. Use “Zhang Wei” instead.

Do not write your address. (10 points)

Part B

48.Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, youshould

1) interpret the chart and

2) give your comments.

You should write at least 150 words.

Write your essay on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)

英语(二)真题 - 13-(共 13 页)