2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试

管理类专业学位

综合能力真题

英语(二)真题

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked

A,B,C and D. choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET.(10

points)

Being a good parent is，of course, what every parent would like to be. But defining

what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very 1 , particularly since

children respond differently to the same style of parenting. A calm, rule-following

child might respond better to a differently sort of parenting than， 2 ，a younger

sibling.

3 , there’s another sort of parent that’s a bit easier to 4 ：a patient . Children of

every age benefit from patient parenting. Sill， 5 every parent would like to be

patient, this is no easy 6 . Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and

are unable to maintain a 7 and composed style with their kids. I understand this.

You're only human, and sometimes your kids can 8 you Just a little too far. And

then the 9 happens: You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say

something that was a bit too 10 and does nobody any good. You wish that you

could 11 the clock and start over, We’ve all been there.

12 ，even though it’s common, it’s important to keep in mind that in a single

moment of fatigue. you can say something to your child that you may 13 for a

long time. This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but

also 14 your child’s self-esteem.

If you consistently lose your 15 with your kids, then you are inadvertently

modeling a lack of emotional control for your Kids. We are all becoming increasingly

aware of the 16 of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation.

This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. in fact, the ability to emotionally

regulate or maintain emotional control when 17 by stress is one of the most

important of all life’s skills.

Certainly, it’s incredibly 18 to maintain patience at all times with your children. A

more practical goal is to try, to the best of your ability, to be as tolerant and

composed as you can when faced with 19 situations involving your children, I can

promise you this: As a result of working toward this goal, you and your children will

benefit and 20 from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.

1. A. tedious B. pleasant C. instructive D. tricky

2. A. in addition B. for example C. at once D. by accident

3. A. fortunately B. occasionally C. accordingly D. eventually4. A. amuse B. assist C. describe D. train

5. A. while B. because C. unless D. once

6. A. answer B. task C. choice D. access

7. A. tolerant B. formal C. rigid D. critical

8. A. move B. drag C. push D. send

9. A. mysterious B. illogical C. suspicious D. inevitable

10. A. boring B. naive C. harsh D. vague

11. A. turn back B. take apart C. set aside D. cover up

12. A. overall B. instead C. however D. otherwise

13. A. like B. miss C. believe D. regret

14. A. raise B. affect C. justify D. reflect

15. A. time B. bond C. race D. cool

16. A. nature B. secret C. importance D. context

17. A. cheated B. defeated C. confused D. confronted

18. A. terrible B. hard C. strange D. wrong

19. A. trying B. changing C. exciting D. surprising

20. A. hide B. emerge C. withdraw D. escape

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B,

C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text1

Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so

that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid. To find out if this

extends to non-living beings, Loleh Quinn at the University of Califoria, San Diego,

and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats.

They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat one social and one

asocial-for 5 our days. The robots rats were quite minimalist, resembling a chunkier

version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.

During the experiment, the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played

with the same toys, and opened caged doors to 1et trapped rats escape. Meanwhile,

the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side.

Next, the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity

to release them by pressing a lever.

Across 18 trials each, the living rats were 52 percent more 1ikely on average to set

the social robot free than the asocial one. This suggests that the rats perceived the

social robot as a genuine social being. They may have bonded more with the social

robot because it displayed behaviours like communal exploring and playing. Thiscould lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the

robot to return the favour when they get trapped, says Quinn.

The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal

design. The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic

box on wheels. "We’d assumed we’d have to give it a moving head and tail, facial

features, and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat, but that wasn't

necessary," says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia, who

helped with the research.

The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when they come from

basic robots. Similarly, children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings, even

when they display only simple social signals. “We humans seem to be fascinated by

robots, and it turns out other animals are too.” says Wiles.

21. Quinn and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can________

[A] pickup social signals from non-living rats.

[B] distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one.

[C] attain sociable traits through special training.

[D] send out warming messages to their fellow.

22. What did the social robot do during the experiment?

[A] It followed the social robot.

[B] It played with some toys.

[C] It set the trapped Tats free.

[D] It moved around alone.

23. According to Quinn, the rats released the social robot because they________.

[A] tried to practice a means of escape.

[B] expected it to do the same in return.

[C] wanted to display their intelligence.

[D]considered that an interesting game.

24. James Wiles notes that rats________.

[A] can remember other rat's facial features.

[B] differentiate smells better than sizes.

[C] respond more to cations than to looks.

[D] can be scared by a plastic box on wheels.

25. It can be 1eamed from the text that rats________.

[A] appear to be adaptable to new surroundings

[B] are more socially active than other animals.

[C] behave differently from children in socializing.

[D] are more sensitive to social cues than expected.Text 2

It is fashionable today to bash Big Business. And there is one issue on which the

many critics agree: CEO pay. We hear that CEOs are paid too much (or too much

relative to workers), or that they rig others' pay, or that their pay is insufficiently

related to positive outcomes. But the more likely truth is CEO pay is largely caused

by intense competition.

It is true that CEO pay has gone up-top ones may make 300 times the pay of typical

workers on average, and since the mid-1970s, CEO pay for large publicly traded

American corporations has, by varying estimates, gone up by about 500%. The

typical CEO of a top American corporation- -from the 350 largest such

companies-now makes about $18.9 million a year.

While individual cases of overpayment definitely exist, in general, the determinants

of CEO pay are not so mysterious and not so mired in corruption. In fact, overall CEO

compensation for the top companies rises pretty much in lockstep with the value of

those companies on the stock market.

The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay, though, is that of limited

CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing

rapidly. The efforts of America' s highest-earning 1% have been one of the more

dynamic elements of the global economy. It' s not popular to say, but one reason

their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative to

many other workers in the Ú.S. economy.

Today' s CEO, at least for major American firms, must have many more skills than

simply being able to "run the company." CEOs must have a good sense of financial

markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them. They also need

better public relations skills than their predecessors, as the costs of even a minor

slipup can be significant. Then there' s the fact that large American companies are

much more globalized than ever before, with supply chains spread across a larger

number of countries. To lead in that system requires knowledge that is fairly

mind-boggling.

There is yet another trend: virtually all major American companies are becoming

tech companies, one way or another. An agribusiness company, for instance, may

focus on R&D in highly IT-intensive areas such as genome sequencing. Similarly, it is

hard to do a good job running the Walt Disney Company just by picking good movie

scripts and courting stars; you also need to build a firm capable of creating

significant CGI products for animated movies at the highest levels of technical

sophistication and with many frontier innovations along the way.

On top of all of this, major CEOs still have to do the job they have always done-which

includes motivating employees, serving as an internal role model, helping to define

and extend a corporate culture, understanding the internal accounting, and

presenting budgets and business plans to the board. Good CEOs are some of the

world’s most potent creators and have some of the very deepest skills of

understanding.26. Which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise?

A. The growth in the number of cooperation

B. The general pay rise with a better economy

C. Increased business opportunities for top firms

D. Close cooperation among leading economics

27.Compared with their predecessors, today's CEOs are required to ___.

A. foster a stronger sense of teamwork

B. finance more research and development

C. establish closer ties with tech companies

D. operate more globalized companies

28. CEO pay has been rising since the 1970s despite ____.

A. continual internal opposition

B. strict corporate governance

C. conservative business strategies

D. repeated governance warnings

29.High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps ___.

A. confirm the status of CEOs

B. motive inside candidates

C. boost the efficiency of CEOs

D. increase corporate value

30.Themost suitable title for this text would be ___.

A. CEOs Are Not Overpaid

B. CEO Pay : Past and Present

C. CEOs' Challenges of Today

D. CEO Traits: Not Easy to De

Text3

Madrid was hailed as a public health beacon 1ast November when it rolled out

ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars. Seven months and one election

day later, a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air

zone, a first step toward its possible demise.

Mayor Jose Luis Martinez -Almeida made opposition to the zone a centrepiece of his

election campaign, despite its success in improving air quality. A judge has now

overruled the city’s decision to stop levying fines, ordering them reinstated. But with

legal battles ahead, the zone’s future looks uncertain at best.

Among other weaknesses, the measures cities must employ when 1eft to tackle dirty

air on their own are politically contentious, and therefore vulnerable. That's becausethey inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers—who must

pay fees or buy better vehicles—rather than on to the car manufacturers whose

cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution.

It's not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London. The new ultra-low

emission zone (Ulez) is likely to be a big issue in next year's mayoral election. And if

Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads in 2021 as he

intends, it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists

who will then be affected.

It's not that measures such as London's Ulez are useless. Far from it. Local officials

are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents' health in the

face of a serious threat. The zones do deliver some improvements to air quality, and

the science tells us that means real health benefits—fewer heart attacks, stokes and

premature births, less cancer, dementia and asthma. Fewer untimely deaths.

But mayors and councilors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger

than anyone city or town. They are acting because national governments- Britain's

and others across Europe—have failed to do so.

Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas—city centres, “school

streets”，even individual roads-are a response to the absence of a larger effort to

properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their

vehicles into compliance. Wales has introduced special low speed limits to minimise

pollution. We are doing everything but insist that manufacturers clean up their cars.

31. Which of the following is true about Madrid’s clean air zone?

A. Its effects are questionable.

B. It has been opposed by a judge.

C. Its fate is yet to be decided.

D. It needs tougher enforcement.

32. Which is considered a weakness of the city-level measures to tackle dirty air?

A. They are biased against car manufacturers.

B. They prove impractical for city councils.

C. They are deemed too mild for politicians.

D. They put too much burden on individual motorists.

33. The author believes that the extension of London’s Ulez will _________.

A. arouse strong resistance.

B. ensure Khan’s electoral success.

C. improve the city’s traffic.

D. discourage car manufacturing.

34. Who does the author think should have addressed the problem?

A. Local residents

B. Mayors.

C. Councilors.D. National governments.

35. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that auto companies ________.

A. will raise low-emission car production

B. should be forced to follow regulations

C. will upgrade the design of their vehicles

D. should be put under public supervision

Text 4

Now that members of Generation Z are graduating college this spring—the

most commonly—accepted definition says this generation was born after 1995, give

or take a year—the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks. GenZs are

about to hit the streets 1ooking for work in a labor market that's tighter than its

been in decades. And employers are planning on hiring about 17 percent more new

graduates for jobs in the U.S. This year than last, according to a survey conducted by

the National Association of Colleges and Employers. Everybody wants to know how

the people who will soon inhabit those empty office cubicles will differ from those

who came before them.

If “entitled”is the most common adjective, fairly or not, applied to Millennials(those

born between 1981 and 1995)，the catchwords for Generation Z are practical and

cautious. According to the career counselors and experts who study them,

Generation Zs are clear-eyed, economic pragmatists. Despite graduating into the

best economy in the past 50 years, Gen Zs know what an economic train wreck looks

like. They were impressionable kids during the crash of 2008, when many of their

parents lost their jobs or their life savings or both. They aren’t interested in

taking any chances. The booming economy seems to have done little to assuage this

underlying generational sense of anxious urgency, especially for those who have

college debt. College 1oanbalances in the U.S now stand at a record $1.5 trillion,

according to the Federal Reserve.

One survey from Accenture found that 88 percent of graduating seniors this year

chose their major with a job in mind. In a 2019 survey of University of Georgia

students, meanwhile, the career office found the most desirable trait in a future

employer was the ability to offer secure employment (followed by professional

development and training, and then inspiring purpose). Job security or stability was

the second most important career goal (work-life balance was number one),

followed by a sense of being dedicated to a cause or to feel good about serving the

greater good.

36. Generation Zs graduating college this spring----

A. are recognized for their abilities.

B. are optimistic about the labor market.C. are in favor of office job offers.

D. are drawing growing public attention.

37. Generation Zs are keenly aware________

A. What their parents expect of them

B. How valuable a counselor’s advice is

C. What a tough economic situation is like

D. How they differ from past generation

38. assuage (line 9 paragraph 2)

A. deepen

B. define

C. maintain

D. relieve

39. It can be learned from Para. 3 that Generation 2s____

A. give top priority to professional training

B. have a clear idea about theri future jobs

C. care little about their job performance

D. think it hard to achieve wrok-life balance

40. Micelsen thinks that compared with millennials, Generation Zs are______

A. less realistic

B. less adventurous

C. more diligent

D. more generous

Part B

Directions: you are going to read a list of headings and a text, choose the most

suitable heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). There are

two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(10

points)

Five ways to Win Over Everyone in the office

A. Slow down and listen

B. Put on a good face, always

C. Give compliments just not too many

D. Put yourselves in others’ shoes

E. Tailor your interactions

F. Spend time with everyone

G. Reveal, don’t hide informationFive Ways to Win Over Everyone in the Office

Is it possible to like everyone in your office? Think about how tough it is to get

together 15 people, much less 50, who all get along perfectly. But unlike in

friendships, you need coworkers. You work with them every day and you depend on

them just as they depend on you. Here are some ways that you can get the whole

office on your side.

41______G_______.

If you have a bone to pick with someone in your workplace, you may try stay

tight-lipped around them. But you won't be helping either one of you. A Harvard

Business School study found that observers consistently rated those who were frank

about themselves more highly, while those who hid lost trustworthiness. The lesson

is not that you should make your personal 1ife an open book, but rather, when given

the option to offer up details about yourself or painstakingly conceal them, you

should just be honest.

42________A_____.

Just as important as being honest about yourself is being receptive to others. We

often feel the need to tell others how we feel, whether it's a concern about a project,

a stray thought, or a compliment. Those are all valid, but you need to take time to

hear out your coworkers, too. In fact, rushing to get your own ideas out there can

cause colleagues to feel you don’t value their opinions. Do your best to engage

coworkers in a genuine, back- and- forth conversation, rather than prioritizing your

own thoughts.

43______F_______.

It's common to have a“cubicle mate”or special confidant in a work setting. But in

addition to those trusted coworkers, you should expand your horizons and find out

about all the people around you. Use your 1unch and coffee breaks to meet up with

colleagues you don't always see. Find out about their lives and interests beyond the

job. It requires minimal effort and goes a long way. This will help to grow your

internal network，in addition to being a nice break in the workday.

44_______C______.

Positive feedback is important for anyone to hear. And you don't have to be

someone's boss to tell them they did an exceptional job on a particular project. This

will help engender good will in others. But don’t overdo it or be fake about it. One

study found that people responded best to comments that shifted from negative to

positive, possibly because it suggested they had won somebody over.

45______E_______.This one may be a bit more difficult to pull off, but it can go a long way to achieving

results. Remember in dealing with any coworker what they appreciate from an

interaction. Watch out for how they verbalize with others. Some people like small

talk in a meeting before digging into important matters, while other are more

straightforward. Jokes that work one person won’t necessarily land with another. So,

adapt your style accordingly to type. Consider the person that you’re dealing with in

advance and what will get you to your desired outcome.

标准答案：GAFCE

Section III Translation

46. Directions:

Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER

SHEET. (15 points)

It’s almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure.

But, the wonderful thing about failure is that it’s entirely up to us to decide how to

look at it.

We can choose to see failure as “the end of the world”. Or, we can look at failure as

the incredible learning experience that it often is. Every time we fail at something we

choose to look for the lesson we’re meant to learn. These lessons are very important,

they’re how we grow, and how we keep from making that some mistake again.

Failures stop us only if we let them.

Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would never have learned

otherwise. For instance, failure can help you discover how strong a person you are.

Failing at something can help you discover your truest friends, or help you help

find unexpected motivation to succeed.

Section IV Writing

Part A

47. Directions:

Suppose you are planning a tour of historical site for a group of international

students .Write them an email to

1) tell him about the site ,and

2) give them some tips for the tour

You should write about 100 words on your ANSWERSHEET.

Do not use your own name, use “Li Ming” instead. 10points)

参考译文：

几乎不可能不经历某种失败就度过一生。但是，失败的美妙之处在于，如何看待它完全取决于我们自己。我们可以选择将失败视为“世界末日”。或者，我们可以把失败看作是一种令人难以置信的学习经历。每当我们在某件事情上失败时，我们都会选择去寻找我们应该学习的教训。这些教训非常重要，它们使我们获得成长，并且使我们避免再次犯同样的错误。只有在我们允许的情况下，失败才会真的阻碍我们。失败也能使我们更好地了解自己。例如，失败可以帮助你发现你是多么强大的一个人。失败可以帮助你找到最真的朋友，或者帮助你找到意想不到的成功动力。(齐辙)漫漫人生路，不经历一些失败纯属是天方夜谭。幸甚，令我们额手称庆的事情是：怎么看待失败，由己不由人。我们可以将失败看作是世界末日， 也可以将它当成羽翼未丰的表现。又抑或视其为一次真真正正而无与伦比的学习经历。每次当我们在做某事时一败如水，我们可以从中吸取教训。这些经验至关重要：关乎我们的成长，关乎我们如何避免重蹈覆辙。如果我们任失败的负面情绪蔓延，那会令我们裹足不前。失败能教会我们很多事情。而这些事情如果想从生活中别的地方学到，不啻是痴人说梦。举个例子，通过失败，你会知道自己其实所向披靡。在某件事情上辙乱旗靡会让你更懂人情冷暖，世态炎凉。但你也更有可能心生鼓舞，功成名就。

47.小作文范文

Dear Students,

It is a great pleasure for me to recommend a famous historical site, the Great Wall,

which I have known for many years with characters and knowledge you really need.

At the same time, I will try to make some tips for our following tour.

The Great wall is not only a miracle of ancient Oriental civilizations but

also outstanding and famous all around the world. It would be a wise choice to pay a

visit to it. Firstly, It would be better if you make relevant and enough preparation for

it on that day. Furthermore, I highly recommend you make full use of the Internet

reasonably to collect some information to make a better understanding.

Before concluding the letter, I would recommend this site again with all my heart. I

would be ready to discuss this matter in details.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

48.大作文范文

It can be seen from the pie chart that reading with mobile-phone for learning in this

university occupies 59.50%. On the contrary, reading with mobile-phone for

entertainment and searching for the information take up 21.30% and 17%

respectively. The pie-chart reveals a phenomenon that reading with mobile-phone

has a far-reaching influence on the university students and reading pattern.Some driving factors are closely interrelated with the above-mentioned

phenomenon. Firstly, it originates from the reason that the development of

mobile-phone industries and technical innovation give a big push to this

phenomenon. Secondly, this situation derives from the point that the development

of the scientific exploration paves the way of it. Thirdly, this phenomenon originates

from the element that the development of potential market and intensified

competition accelerate the learning with mobile phone.

From the discussion above, I strongly maintain the point that learning with

mobile-phone will be a prevalent trend in the following years and speed up our

learning. It’s high time that we participated in the use and promotion of it and made

use of it reasonably.