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2015年同等学力英语:语态语法练习
来源:在职研究生招生信息网 发布时间:2017-04-18 14:01:50 发布者:
  同等学力申硕英语能力是很多考生的弱势,要想在英语考试中获得高分,重要的还是复习技巧,英语考试中涉及的重点很多,今天在职研究生网相关老师就为大家介绍一下语气的考试重点。

 

  语态(voice )是一种动词形式,表示主语与谓语动词所表示的动作之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态:主动语态(active voice )和被动语态(passive voice)。被动语态往往是各类考试中的侧重点。

 

  英语被动语态是由“助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词”构成的。被动语态的时态变化借助动词be 来实现。助动词be 要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。

 

  被动语态常用于下列几种情况:

  1. 动作的执行者无需指出或不明确时。例如:

  Printing was introduced into Europe from China. Rome was not built in a day.

  2. 为强调动作的承受者时。例如:

  Four people were killed and thirty-one injured in the bomb attack. Susan was singled out for praise yesterday.

  3. 为了修辞的需要。例如:

  He started to complain about this wicked world but was interrupted by a knock at the door.

  Yesterday he visited our university and was welcomed by the President.

 

  二、重要考点

  1. 除及物动词外,一些相当于及物动词的短语动词也可使用被动态形式。但在个别情况下,短语动词一般不拆开使用。例如:This matter will be dealt with as soon as possible.

  2. 不及物动词(或相当于一个不及物动词的短语动词)和表示状态的动词(或短语动词)无被动语态形式,如:happen, rise, occur, take place, break out 等;以及lack, fit suit,equal, become, resemble, befall, consist of, look like 等。例如:The story took place in 1949.

  3. 将主动态形式改为被动态形式时,如遇到动词后跟双宾语的情况,我们只能将其中之一变成主语,另一个保持不变。当直接宾语变成主语时,保持在原位的间接宾语前需加介词to。例如:

  I gave my husband a tie as a birthday present.

  →My husband was given a tie as a birthday present.

  →A tie was given to my husband as a birthday present.

  4. 不定式符号to 在被动语态中不可省略。在主动语态中,感官动词和“使”动词常跟不

  带to 的动词不定式,但在被动语态中要有to。例如:

  I saw her pass by thewindow.

  →She was seen to pass by the window.

  5. 某些实义动词加副词也表示被动意义,如:wash, write, sell, eat, keep, open, read, shut 等。例如:

  This type of recorder sells well.

  The door won’t shut closely.

  This kind of shirt washes well.

  The pen writes well。

  6. want 、deserve 、need 、require 、stand、take、won’t bear with 等词后跟主动形式的动名词可以表示被动意义。例如:

  The film is quite worth watching.

  The children need looking after (=to be looked after).

  The rule will take some learning.

  7. 某些作表语的形容词后,用不定式主动形式表示被动意义。例如:

  He is hard to please. The article is difficult to understand.

  8. 被动语态中常用的几个介词:by 表示动作的执行者或施动者;with(tools )表示用某种工具;of(materials )表示由某种原料制成(制成品可见原料);from(substance )表示源于某种物质(制成品不见原料)。

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