Paper One试卷一（90 minutes）

Part Ⅰ Dialogue Communication（10 minutes，10 points）

Section A Dialogue Completion

Directions：In this section，you will read five short incomplete dialogues between two speakers，each followed by four choices marked A，B，C，and D. Choose the best answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.

1. A：Why don’t you have dinner with me tonight？

B：

A. Because I have an appointment.

B. Sorry about that，but I have to go to a party.

C. The reason is that I have to work overtime tonight.

D. I’d love to，but I have to finish my paper.

2. A：I’m afraid I have spilled some coffee on the tablecloth.

B：

A. Oh，don’t worry about that. B. You needn’t apologize.

C. I feel sorry for that. D. Oh，you shouldn’t have done that.

3. A：You seem to have a lot of work to do in your office. You’ve always been working overtime.

B：

A. You are right，but don’t you know the meaning of work？

B. Sorry，I don’t think so. I get overpaid for overwork，you know.

C. That’s right. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

D. That’s right，but the work is interesting. I don’t mind some extra hours at all.

4. A：George，I would like to introduce a friend of mine，if I may：Albert Snow. Albert，this is George Smith.

B：

A. How have you been？ B. Pleased to meet you，George.

C. Mind if call you George？ D. The pleasure’s mine.

5. A：Excuse me. I don’t want to interrupt you...

B：

A. No，no. It’s quite all right. B. Well，never mind.

C. It won’t bother me. D. Of course not.

Section B Dialogue Comprehension

Directions：In this section，you will read five short conversations between a man and a woman，At the end of each conversation there is a question followed by four choices marked A，B，C，and D. Choose the best answer to the question from the four choices by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.

6. Man：I saw John yesterday. You know what？He was driving a luxurious car.

Woman：He rented it. He often makes believe that he is a millionaire.

Question：What does the woman mean？

A. Everyone believes that John is a millionaire.

B. John dreams of becoming a millionaire.

C. John dreams of having a luxurious car.

D. John pretends to be a millionaire.

7. Woman：I can hardly go on. The work is so tough.

Man：Don’t lose heart. I’ll back you up all the time.

Question：What does the man mean？

A. He will help the woman with her work. B. He will support the woman.

C. He will do the work for the woman. D. He will encourage the woman.

8. Man：I didn’t know you got a promotion. Why didn’t you tell me earlier so that we could have celebrated it？

Woman：I guess it slipped my mind. My mind was lost to other things because of work.

Question：What does the woman mean？

A. She felt lost with her work. B. She had a poor memory.

C. She forgot to tell him. D. She had to go to work.

9. Man：The new Chevy Chase film was terrific！

Woman：Oh，come off it，Al. Chevy Chase is a great comedian，but he sure didn’t show it in that movie.

Question：What does the woman think of the movie？

A. It’s a great comedy. B. It’s typical Chevy Chase film.

C. It isn’t a good comedy. D. It isn’t as terrible as Al thought.

10. Woman：You haven’t said a word about my dress，Dave. Don’t you like it？

Man：I’m sorry I didn’t say anything about it sooner. I don’t think I’ve seen anything like it before.

Question：What does the man probably think of the dress？

A. It is in fashion. B. It surely is unique.

C. It is a bit old-fashioned. D. It surely suits her.

Part Ⅱ Vocabulary（10 minutes，10 points）

Section A

Directions：In this section there are ten sentences，each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the 4 choices marked A，B，C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.

11. Should English classes be compulsory at the elementary or primary school level in countries where it is not the native language？

A. required B. necessary C. selected D. permanent

12．In the end，both attacks and defenses of the free market and conventional economics have immense philosophical implications.

A. traditional B. novel

C. capital-centered D. consumption-centered

13. Applicant will be asked to provide information on how they will disseminate information to other students at their university or college.

A. disclose B. deliver C. spread D. analyze

14. In general，the British people belong to one of the more affluent countries of Europe and enjoy a high standard of living compared to the rest of the world.

A. plentiful B. powerful C. friendly D. wealthy

15. To absorb a younger work force，many companies offered retirement plans as incentives for older workers to retire and make way for the younger ones who earned lower salaries.

A. rewards B. opportunities C. motives D. stimuli

16. Their business flourished at its new location a year later owing to their joint efforts and hard work.

A. prevailed B. failed C. boomed D. shrank

17. The pressure on her from her family caused her to resort to the drastic measures.

A. turn to B. keep to C. stick to D. lead to

18. I shall never forget the look of intense anguish on the face of his parents when they heard the news.

A. stress B. dilemma C. misery D. surprise

19. If minor disputes are left unsettled，tough ones will pile up sooner or later.

A. accumulate B. vanish C. linger D. emerge

20. The police tried in vain to break up the protest crowds in front of the government building.

A. unskillfully B. violently C. ineffectively D. eventually

Section B

21. I would like to express my______to you all for supporting me this summer as a visiting scholar in your department.

A. satisfaction B. gratitude C. pleasure D. sincerity

22. The objective of this popular consultation is to determine，______，the final political status of the region，whether to remain part of the country as a special district，or to part from it.

A. once upon a time B. once and again

C. all at once D. once and for all

23. The two countries will assign counter-drug officials to their respective embassies on a ______ basis.

A. fundamental B. similar C. reciprocal D. reasonable

24. Tennessee’s population is nearly two-fifths rural，and no single city or group of cities______ the state.

A. dominates B. manages C. manipulates D. controls

25. We all know that in a situation like this a cool head is______.

A. called for B. called off C. called on D. called up

26. The destruction an earthquake causes depends on its______ and duration，or the amount of shaking that occurs.

A. altitude B. magnitude C. multitude D. aptitude

27. The El Nino has______affected the regional weather and temperature over much of the tropics，sub-tropics and some mid-latitude areas.

A. externally B. consistently C. insistently D. internally

28. During all these years of absence he had ______ a tender feeling for his mother and the family.

A. enclosed B. hugged C. enriched D. cherished

29. The ______ choice for a consumer，therefore，is the choice among the available ones that will enable him or her to maximize utility.

A. optimal B. optional C. optical D. optimistic

30. Mrs. Smith ______ tears when she heard her daughter had died in the road accident.

A. broke in B. broke up C. broke through D. broke into

 

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension（50 minutes，25 points）

Directions：There are five passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.

Passage One

It was Friday，the day of the field trip on which Miss Joan would take her class to pick apples.

Miss Joan enjoyed picking apples with her students. She smiled as she led her students to the bus that would take them to the Greenly Apple Orchard（果园）.

The bus ride was bumpy and the kids were a little noisy，but still Miss Joan was smiling.

The bus stopped in front of the Greenly Orchard Store and the class got off quickly and quietly. Miss Joan made sure everyone was there.“What a glorious，sunny，apple picking day，”Miss Joan announced with her grandest smile.

Mr. Greenly was there to greet them.“Let me see，there are eighteen children and two adults at three dollars each. That will be sixty dollars，please.”

Miss Joan held up the brochure in her hand.“It says that the price is two dollars each，”she pointed out.“That’s what I collected from everyone.”

“We’ve had to raise the price，”Mr. Greenly stated.

“You sent me this brochure after we made our reservation，”Miss Joan complained，“and it says two dollars！”

“Miss Joan，if you look at the bottom of this brochure，”Mr. Greenly said，“you’ll notice a very important statement.”

Sure enough，in very tiny letters，it said，“Prices are subject to change without notice.”

Miss Joan was determined to keep her good mood. She took a twenty dollars bill out of her own purse and handed it to Mr. Greenly with the forty dollars she had in an envelope.

“Now children，do you all have your baskets？”Miss Joan called out.“Remember，you can pick as many apples as six apples each.”

“I beg your pardon！”Miss Joan was not smiling now.“The brochure says，‘ALL YOU CAN PICK’！”

Mr. Greenly pointed to the tiniest letters Miss Joan had ever almost seen. It also says，“Terms and conditions of group reservations are subject to change without notice.”

Miss Joan’s good mood was now history. She didn’t want to set a bad example for her students，so she said in a calm and quiet voice，“We’re going home，give me our money back，please.”

31. How many dollars did Miss Joan hand to Mr. Greenly？

A. 20 B. 40 C. 60 D. 18

32. The phrase“subject to change without notice”suggests

A. Mr. Greenly could change the terms at will.

B. the customers should read the brochure carefully.

C. Mr. Greenly could determine what apples to be picked.

D. the customers should be informed beforehand.

33. The students could not pick as many apples as they would like because

A. they were children. B. there were not enough apples.

C. they had made a group reservation. D. they would eat up too many apples.

34.“Miss Joan’s good mood was now history？”（the last paragraph）means

A. Miss Joan had been happy until that moment.

B. Miss Joan was no longer interested in history.

C. Miss Joan taught her students the history of the orchard.

D. Miss Joan was good at concealing her feelings.

35. What can we learn about Miss Joan from the story？

A. She did not read the brochure carefully.

B. She made a reservation after seeing the brochure.

C. She lost her temper in the end.

D. She didn’t know how to complain.

Passage Two

Both civilization and culture are fairly modern words，having come into prominent use during the 19th century by anthropologists（人类学家），historians，and literary figures. There has been a strong tendency to use them interchangeably as though they mean the same thing，but they are not the same.

Although modern in their usage，the two words derived from ancient Latin. The word civilization is based on the Latin civis，of a city. Thus civilization，in its most essential meaning，is the ability of people to live together harmoniously in cities，in social groupings. From this definition it would seem that certain insects，such as ants or bees，are also civilized. They live and work together in social groups. So do some microorganisms. But there is more to civilization，and that is what culture brings to it. So，civilization is inseparable from culture.

The word culture is derived from the Latin verb colere，till the soil. But colere also has a wider range of meanings. It may，like civis，mean inhabiting a town or village. But most of its definitions suggest a process of starting and promoting growth and development. One may cultivate a garden；one may also cultivate one’s interests，mind，and abilities. In its modern use the word culture refers to all the positive aspects and achievements of humanity that make mankind different from the rest of the animal world. Culture has grown out of creativity，a characteristic that seems to be unique to human beings.

One of the basic and best-known features of civilization and culture is the presence of tools. But more important than their simple existence is that the tools are always being improved and enlarged upon，a result of creativity. It took thousands of years to get from the first wheel to the latest，most advanced model of automobile.

It is the concept of humans as toolmakers and improvers that differentiates them from other animals. A monkey may use a stick to knock a banana from a tree，but that stick will never，through a monkey’s cleverness，be modified into a hook or a ladder. Monkeys have never devised a spoken language，written a book，composed a melody，built a house，or painted a portrait. To say that birds build nests and beavers（海狸）their dens is to miss the point. People once lived in caves，but their cleverness，imagination，and creativity led them to progress beyond caves to buildings.

36. What does the author think of the words“civilization”and“culture”？

A. They are identical.

B. They are different concepts.

C. They can often be used interchangeably.

D. They are defined differently by different people.

37. According to the author the word“civilization”originally refers to .

A. people’s way of life in cities

B. people’s ability to live together in cities

C. a type of social organizations

D. an advanced level of social life

38. The Latin verb colere originally means“ ”.

A. live in a city B. develop oneself

C. promote growth D. cultivate the land

39. The author believes that creativity .

A. is a unique feature of civilized beings

B. brings forth the improvement of tools

C. is the result of human development

D. helps the advance of culture

40. The author mentions monkeys in the last paragraph to show that .

A. monkeys are the same as birds

B. people once lived in caves like monkeys

C. monkeys can never develop into human beings

D. man is different from other animals such as monkeys

Passage Three

The huge growth of global“ecotourism”industry is becoming an increasing concern for conservationists with mounting evidence that many wild species do not respond well to contact with human beings. Overexposure to tourists has been linked to stress，abnormal behaviour and adverse health effects in species such as polar bears，dolphins and gorillas（大猩猩），says a report in New Scientist.

While regulated ecotourism can help conservation efforts by encouraging people to manage endangered species and their habitats，many projects are poorly designed and unregulated，it says.“Many ecotourist projects are unaudited，unauthorized and merely hint they are based on environmentally friendly policies and operations.”

Ecotourism is growing by 10 to 30 percent a year and an estimated 20 percent of tourists are thought to visit a conservation-based project. Philip Seddon，of the University of Otago in New Zealand，said that although most tourist projects conformed to basic guidelines on land use and not scaring wildlife，their full impact was rarely considered.

“Transmission of disease to wildlife，or subtle changes to wildlife health through disturbance of daily routines or increased stress levels may translate to lowered survival and breeding，”he said. Research at the University of Auckland has shown that dolphins become restless and overactive when many tourist boats are present. When three or more boats are near，the dolphins rest for 0.5 percent of the time，compared with 68 percent when they are accompanied by a single boat. The findings are backed up by studies of dolphins in Britain. Researchers at the University of Manitoba in Canada have found that male polar bears easily disturbed by tourist vehicles，with a possible effect on their heart rate and metabolism（新陈代谢）. That could reduce body fat levels and fitness，critical for survival.

In Africa，gorillas have picked up parasites introduced to their habitat by tourists and mongooses（蠓）have caught lung diseases from human beings. Experts said that the answer to the problems was better regulation and supervision of ecotourism. The Galapagos Islands，where visitor numbers are strictly controlled，is a good model.

41. Ecotourism is meant to .

A. have tourists help in the conservation of wildlife

B. have wild species respond well to contact with humans

C. make wild species reduce stress and abnormal behaviour

D. make conservationists more concerned with wildlife

42. According to New Scientist，many ecotourist projects .

A. really encourage people to protect wildlife and its habitat

B. strictly follow environmentally friendly policies

C. actually lack proper examination and official approval

D. seriously damage the habitats of endangered species

43. What will happen to wildlife ultimately if the present“ecotourism”practice goes on？

A. It will disturb their life. B. It will affect their health.

C. It will increase their stress. D. It will threaten their survival.

44. According to the passage，the growth in the global“ecotourism”industry .

A. reflects an increasing concern for conservation

B. arouses a growing concern for conservation

C. coincides with a mounting concern for conservation

D. originates from a greater concern for conservation

45. According to the passage，a solution to the“ecotourism”problem is to .

A. encourage people to manage endangered species

B. reduce the exposure of wildlife to human beings

C. help wild animals increase their fitness

D. prevent wildlife from catching human diseases

Passage Four

Computers can beat chess champion Gary Kasparov at his game，count all the atoms in a nuclear explosion，and calculate complex figures in a fraction of a second，but they still fail at the slight differences in language translation. Artificial Intelligence computers have large amounts of memory，capable of storing huge translating dictionaries and extensive lists of grammar rules. Yet，today’s best computer language translators have just a 60 percent accuracy rate. Scientists are still unable to program the computer with human-like common sense reasoning power.

Computer language translation is called Machine Translation，or MT. While not perfect，MT is surprisingly good. MT was designed to process dry，technical language that people find tedious to translate. Computers can translate basic phrases，such as“You foot bone’s connected to your ankle bone，your ankle bone’s connected to your leg bone.”They can translate more difficult phrases，such as“Which witch is which？”Computers can also accurately translate“Wild thing，you make my heart sing！”into other languages because they can understand individual words，as long as the words are pre-programmed in their dictionary.

But highly sensitive types of translating，such as important diplomatic conversations，are beyond the scope of computer translating programs. Human translators use intuitional meaning，not logic，to process words and phrases into other languages. A human can properly translate the phrase，“The pen is in the pen（围养禽畜的圈），”because most humans know that it means that a writing instrument is in a small enclosed space. Many times，computers do not have the ability to determine in which way two identical words in one sentence are to be used.

In addition to using massive rule-programmed machines，computer programmers are also trying to teach computers to learn how to think for themselves through the“experience”of translating. Even with these efforts，programmers admit that a“thinking”computer might not ever be invented in the future.

46. Computers today are capable of .

A. defeating the best chess player in the world

B. telling subtle differences between languages

C. translating over 60 percent of difficult texts

D. doing human-like common sense reasoning

47. According to the passage，which of the following is NOT true？

A. Computers can translate dry and difficult phrases.

B. Computers can understand sensitive language.

C. Computers can translate technical language.

D. Computers can understand pre-programmed words.

48. The major problem with computer translating programs is that computers .

A. can not translate illogical sentences

B. do not have a large enough capacity of memory

C. can not understand grammatical rules

D. do not have intuition to process language

49. To improve machine translation，computer programmers are trying to .

A. use powerful rule-programmed computers

B. teach computers to think by practice

C. have computers compile translating dictionaries

D. add explanations of words in computer programs

50. The passage suggests that .

A. the accuracy rate of machine translation cannot be raised

B. it is impossible for computers to think as humans do

C. only technical language is suitable for machine translation

D. it is impossible to determine of identical words

Passage Five

Several years ago during the dot-com passion，Manhattan lawyer John Kennedy sometimes wore a dark blue suit to meet potential Internet clients. But he soon realized that his conservative clothes were a strike against him before he even shook hands. So he began to do business in casual，open-shirt clothes.

But now the tables have turned. Today Silicon Valley executives are the ones often coming out in suits. No wonder that Fortune 500 executives are dusting off their silk ties and pants.“I would say there is a trend now toward a little more business dress，”said Kennedy.“I find myself wearing suits more.”

While there isn’t a rush toward formal office wear，clothiers and executives say the workplace uniform is heading that way. In many offices，men are wearing jackets，ties and pants more frequently than a year ago. Top women executives never went as casual as men，so the shift doesn’t affect them as dramatically.

“Business casual”took several years to catch on. It started with casual Fridays，evolved to casual summers，then became casual everyday. A return to the button-down look also will take time，observers say. Lehman Brothers is one of the few major firms that has officially returned to a formal dress policy，at least for offices that clients visit. Men were told to wear suits and ties and women to wear suits or dresses. The shift is due to a rethinking of work environments and more contacts with clients as the firm has grown.

Observers mention many factors driving the trend. Internet companies helped lead the dress-down movement and other industries followed suit to attract workers. But with the collapse of many dot-coms，the relaxed look is becoming a style to avoid. Moreover，as the economy stumbles，more people are hunting for jobs or trying to keep the ones they have，and appearance counts.

US President Bush wears a coat and tie in the White House office and expects his staff to dress“professionally，”which some say sets a tone for the nation.

Chuck Wardell，managing director of a recruiting firm，believes a lot of employees like a stiffer uniform.“They’re going to work. They don’t want to feel like they’re going to a picnic.”

51. “Business casual”was prevalent several years ago because .

A. the Manhattan law business grew very quickly

B. shaking hands with clients became popular

C. the country was fighting the conservatives

D. the Internet companies boomed then

52. When the“business casual”prevailed， .

A. businessmen wore ties only in workplace

B. businessmen didn’t wear ties at all

C. businesswomen didn’t wear formally in workplace

D. businesswomen still wore formally everywhere

53. The Fortune 500 executives .

A. set the trend toward more casual wear

B. are particular about what they wear

C. begin to wear suits more often than before

D. are usually indifferent to fashion trend

54. At the beginning of the“business casual”trend，business people wore casually .

A. when meeting clients B. on weekends

C. in summer D. almost every day

55. It is implied in the passage that the change of business dress from the casual to the formal reflects .

A. the change of people’s taste in fashion

B. the ups and downs of the fashion industry

C. the ups and downs of the Internet companies

D. people’s different preference in business dress

Part Ⅳ Cloze（10 minutes，10 points）

Directions：In this part，there is a passage with fifteen blanks. For each blank there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.

The United States has historically had higher rates of marriage than those of other industrialized countries. The current annual marriage 56 in the United States—about 9 new marriages for every 1,000 people—is 57 higher than it is in other industrialized countries. However，marriage is 58 as widespread as it was several decades ago. 59 of American adults who are married 60 from 72 percent in 1970 to 60 percent in 2002. This does not mean that large numbers of people will remain unmarried 61 their lives. Throughout the 20th century，about 90 percent of Americans married at some 62 in their lives. Experts

63 that about the same proportion of today’s young adults will eventually marry.

The timing of marriage has varied 64 over the past century. In 1995 the average age of women in the United States at the time of their first marriage was 25. The average age of men was about 27. Men and women in the United States marry for the first time at an average of five years later than people did in the 1950s. 65 ，young adults of the 1950s married younger than did any previous 66 in U.S. history. Today’s later age of marriage is 67 the age of marriage between 1890 and 1940. Moreover，a greater proportion of the population was married （95 percent）during the 1950s than at any time before 68 . Experts do not agree on why the“marriage rush”of the late 1940s and 1950s occurred，but most social scientists believe it represented a 69 to the return of peaceful life and prosperity after 15 years of severe economic 70 and war.

56. A. rate B. ratio C. percentage D. poll

57. A. potentially B. intentionally C. randomly D. substantially

58. A. not any longer B. no more C. no longer D. not any more

59. A. A proportion B. The proportion C. The number D. A number

60. A. declined B. deteriorated C. deduced D. demolished

61. A. past B. passing C. throughout D. through

62. A. period B. level C. point D. respect

63. A. project B. plan C. promise D. propose

64. A. unexpectedly B. irregularly C. flexibly D. consistently

65. A. Besides B. However C. Whereas D. Nevertheless

66. A. descendants B. ascendants C. population D. generation

67. A. according to B. in line with C. based on D. caused by

68. A. and after B. or after C. or since D. ever since

69. A. refusal B. realization C. response D. reality

70. A. repression B. aggression C. restriction D. depression

Part Ⅴ Error Detection（5 minutes，5points）

Directions：In this section，there are ten sentences. Each sentence has four underlined words or phrases marked A，B，C and D. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.

71. It is an accepted custom for guests to take their gifts to the wedding reception when the

A B C

couple invited them to attend.

D

72. Some international students use a cassette recorder to make tapes of their classes so that they

A B C

can repeat the lectures again.

D

73. Despite of diligent efforts to promote domestic production during the war years，the

A

Continental Army had to rely primarily on captures and imports for much of its military

B C D

hardware and even for clothing.

 

74. In a sense，farmers began primitive genetic engineering at the dawn of agriculture，which they

A B

kept seeds from their best plants，gradually improving the quality of successive generations.

C D

75. Students completing a course in computer science and technology can look forward to find a

A B C

wide range of jobs.

D

76. The departments concerned shall listen and accept criticisms and rational suggestions

A B

regarding the protection of women’s rights and interests.

C D

77. Astronomers have increased their observation powers greatly through improved high-powered

A B C

telescopes，computer simulations and coordinate with other scientists.

D

78. In business as a whole，there is a controversy as to whether are businesses really encouraging

A B C

the prospects of greater equality in the workplace.

D

79. It is ironic that although in 1955 actor James Dean made an advertisement warning teens of

A

how harm it was to drive fast，he himself died from a speeding accident.

B C D

80. Neither of the boys who have been helping us know the importance of this particular project.

A B C D

Paper Two 试卷二（60 minutes）

Part Ⅰ Translation（30 minutes，20 points）

Section A

Directions：Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.

Progress in communication and transport technologies during the 20th century has enabled us to overcome geographical boundaries and revolutionize our way of living. The world is now linked to such an extent that a local happening cannot take place without impacting on the international community.

Globalization is not just about increasing the worldwide circulation of information and ideas. Economically speaking，it entails transnational investment and international trade，thereby integrating all countries into a single giant world market. In terms of culture，globalization itself is neither positive nor negative：it may be either of them depending on our viewpoint.

Section B

Directions：Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.

随着我国社会经济的迅猛发展、人们生活水平的提高和医疗卫生条件的改善，我国老年人口明显增多。不少人对此忧心忡忡，但有识之士指出，我们不仅要看到人口老龄化所带来的巨大压力，也要看到人口老龄化背后所蕴涵的商机以及老年人丰富的智力、经验等资源，要将压力变为机遇。

Part Ⅱ Writing（30 minutes，15 points）

Directions：In this part，you are to write a composition of no less than 150 words about Whether College Students Should Be Allowed to Get Married. You should write according to the outline given below. Remember to write it clearly on the Answer Sheet.

Outline：

1. Choose either of the two positions：College students should（not）be allowed to get married.

2. State your reasons for or against the issue.

3. Conclusion.